Ginger, an aromatic root, has earned its place as a staple ingredient in kitchens worldwide. Beyond its culinary appeal, ginger offers a multitude of health benefits and is deeply rooted in traditional medicine. This article delves into the world of ginger, addressing 50 common questions to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of this remarkable spice. Whether you’re a food enthusiast or someone exploring the potential therapeutic uses of ginger, you’ll find valuable insights within these pages.
Ginger: 50 Questions & Answers
What is Ginger?
Ginger is a flowering plant known for its aromatic, spicy rhizome, which is commonly used as a spice and for its medicinal properties. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and has a distinctive, pungent flavor and fragrance.
What is the scientific name of Ginger?
The scientific name of Ginger is Zingiber officinale. This plant is native to Southeast Asia but is now cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
Does Ginger have other common names?
Yes, Ginger is known by various common names depending on the region and language. Some examples include “gingembre” in French, “ingwer” in German, “shoga” in Japanese, and “adrak” in Hindi.
What is Ginger’s traditional and modern medicinal use?
Ginger has a long history of traditional medicinal use. It has been used for centuries to alleviate digestive issues, nausea, and inflammation. In modern times, ginger is still employed for these purposes and is also studied for its potential to reduce muscle pain, lower blood sugar levels, and combat infections. Additionally, it is commonly used to flavor foods and beverages, such as ginger tea, and is considered a popular remedy for motion sickness and morning sickness during pregnancy.
What nutrients (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, etc.) does Ginger contain?
Ginger is rich in several bioactive compounds, including gingerol, which is responsible for its distinctive flavor and many of its health benefits. It also contains various vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, vitamin B6, potassium, and magnesium, albeit in relatively small amounts. Ginger is a potent source of antioxidants, which can help protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce inflammation. This combination of phytochemicals and nutrients contributes to the overall health benefits associated with ginger consumption.
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Are there any potential side effects associated with Ginger?
Ginger is generally safe for most people when consumed in moderation. However, some individuals may experience mild side effects such as heartburn, stomach upset, or diarrhea when taking ginger in excessive amounts. It’s essential to be mindful of your body’s response and adjust your ginger consumption accordingly. If you’re on blood-thinning medications, consult your healthcare provider, as ginger may slightly increase the risk of bleeding.
What is the recommended dosage for Ginger?
The recommended ginger dosage can vary depending on the form you’re using. For fresh ginger, 1-2 grams (approximately half an inch of fresh ginger root) daily is a typical guideline. Ginger supplements, such as capsules or tablets, often come in doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg, and it’s advisable to follow the manufacturer’s instructions. However, always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen to ensure it’s appropriate for your specific health needs.
Is Ginger safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women?
Ginger is considered safe for most pregnant and breastfeeding women when consumed in moderate amounts, such as using it as a spice in cooking or as an occasional remedy for morning sickness. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before taking ginger supplements or using it in large quantities during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, as individual responses may vary, and excessive ginger intake could potentially have adverse effects.
Can children safely consume Ginger?
In general, ginger is safe for children when used in culinary quantities as a flavoring agent. However, it’s best to avoid giving ginger supplements or large amounts of ginger to young children, as their developing bodies may respond differently. Always consult with a pediatrician or healthcare provider if you have concerns about giving ginger to your child, especially in medicinal forms.
How should Ginger be prepared or consumed (e.g., tea, tincture, capsules, tablets)?
Ginger can be prepared and consumed in various forms, depending on your preferences and the intended purpose. Common methods include ginger tea, which involves steeping fresh ginger slices in hot water, or using dried ginger for a milder flavor. Ginger can also be used as a spice in cooking, adding a unique zing to dishes. For medicinal purposes, ginger supplements like capsules or tablets are available, making it convenient to incorporate into your daily routine. Additionally, ginger tinctures, extracts, and ginger candies are alternative options. The choice of preparation method depends on your desired flavor, potency, and the reason for using ginger.
Are there any contraindications or health conditions that may be worsened by Ginger?
Ginger is generally considered safe for most people when consumed in moderate amounts as a spice or supplement. However, there are certain health conditions and contraindications to keep in mind:
- Bleeding Disorders: Ginger may have mild antiplatelet effects, which could potentially increase the risk of bleeding. Individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking blood-thinning medications should consult their healthcare provider before consuming large amounts of ginger.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Some individuals may experience heartburn, indigestion, or upset stomach when consuming ginger, especially in high doses. If you have a sensitive stomach or a history of gastrointestinal problems, it’s advisable to consume ginger in moderation.
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women should use caution when using ginger supplements, as excessive ginger consumption may be associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. Consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating ginger into your diet during pregnancy.
- Surgery: Ginger’s potential effects on blood clotting may pose risks for individuals undergoing surgery. It’s essential to inform your surgeon if you are using ginger supplements, as they may advise you to stop taking them before the procedure.
Where is Ginger usually sourced or cultivated?
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is native to Southeast Asia but is now cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The primary ginger-producing countries include India, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Thailand. In the United States, ginger is also cultivated in states like Hawaii and Florida, primarily in greenhouse or controlled environments due to its preference for warm, humid conditions. The ginger plant produces rhizomes, which are the edible part of the plant and are harvested for culinary and medicinal purposes.
Is Ginger legal to possess and use in the United States?
Yes, ginger is legal to possess and use in the United States. It is classified as a food product and a dietary supplement, making it widely available for consumption and culinary use. Ginger can be found in various forms, including fresh ginger root, dried ginger, ginger powder, and ginger supplements, and is commonly used in cooking, baking, and traditional herbal medicine.
Are there any known allergens in Ginger?
Ginger is generally not considered a common allergen. Allergic reactions to ginger are rare, but they can occur in some individuals. Symptoms may include skin rashes, itching, or gastrointestinal discomfort. If you suspect an allergy to ginger, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.
May Ginger supplements contain contaminants like pesticides or heavy metals?
Ginger supplements, like many other dietary supplements, have the potential to contain contaminants such as pesticides or heavy metals. To ensure the safety and quality of ginger supplements, it is essential to choose products from reputable manufacturers who adhere to strict quality control and testing standards. Look for supplements that are third-party tested for purity and contaminants, as this can provide assurance of their safety and quality. Additionally, consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have concerns about potential contaminants or allergies.
Are there any known long-term effects of using Ginger?
Long-term use of ginger is generally considered safe for most people when consumed in moderate amounts as part of a balanced diet. However, there are a few considerations to keep in mind. Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as heartburn or stomach upset, with excessive ginger consumption. It’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional if you experience these symptoms.
Additionally, ginger has blood-thinning properties, which could affect individuals taking blood-thinning medications. It’s crucial for those on such medications to consult their healthcare provider before using ginger supplements regularly.
Do Ginger supplements have a specific shelf life or expiration date?
es, ginger supplements, like other dietary supplements, typically have a shelf life and an expiration date. The shelf life can vary depending on the manufacturer and packaging, but it’s generally recommended to use ginger supplements within one to two years of the manufacturing date. Checking the label for the expiration date and following it is essential to ensure the potency and safety of the supplement.
Proper storage is also important; keeping ginger supplements in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight can help extend their shelf life. If a supplement has expired, it’s advisable to discard it, as its effectiveness may decrease, and it could potentially be less safe to consume.
What is the best time of day to take Ginger?
The best time to take ginger supplements or incorporate ginger into your diet largely depends on your personal preferences and health goals. Many people find it helpful to take ginger with meals, as it can aid in digestion and reduce the risk of potential gastrointestinal discomfort. Ginger can also be taken as needed for specific purposes, such as alleviating nausea or reducing inflammation.
Some individuals may prefer to take ginger in the morning to help boost energy levels and kickstart their day, while others may find it beneficial before bedtime to aid digestion and promote relaxation. Ultimately, there is no one-size-fits-all answer, so you can experiment with different times to see what works best for you.
Should Ginger pills be taken with food or on an empty stomach?
Taking ginger pills with food is generally recommended. Consuming ginger with a meal can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing stomach irritation or discomfort, which can occur when ginger is taken on an empty stomach. Food helps buffer the effects of ginger on the digestive system, making it a more comfortable experience for most individuals.
However, if you are using ginger for specific purposes, such as motion sickness or nausea, taking it on an empty stomach might be more effective, as it can be absorbed more quickly. In such cases, it’s best to follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations for the most appropriate timing.
Are there any dietary restrictions or guidelines while using Ginger?
In general, there are no strict dietary restrictions when using ginger. Ginger is a versatile and safe spice that can be incorporated into a variety of dishes and beverages. However, individuals with specific medical conditions or allergies should exercise caution.
People taking blood-thinning medications or with bleeding disorders should consult their healthcare provider before using ginger supplements in high doses, as ginger has mild blood-thinning properties. Additionally, those with allergies to ginger or a history of gastrointestinal issues should be mindful of their ginger intake and consult a healthcare professional if needed.
As always, it’s advisable to maintain a balanced and varied diet while incorporating ginger, as part of a healthy lifestyle.
What is the recommended duration of use for Ginger?
The recommended duration of using ginger can vary depending on the purpose of its use. For short-term issues like nausea or digestive discomfort, ginger can typically be used as needed, but it’s advisable to limit its consumption to a reasonable amount. For long-term use, such as for managing chronic pain or inflammation, it’s best to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide personalized guidance. Prolonged excessive consumption of ginger may lead to potential side effects.
Is it advisable to consult a healthcare professional before using Ginger?
It is generally advisable to consult a healthcare professional before using ginger, especially if you have underlying health conditions, are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications. Ginger can interact with certain medications or exacerbate certain medical conditions, so it’s essential to seek guidance to ensure its safe and effective use.
Are there any special precautions for storing Ginger supplements?
Storing ginger supplements requires some care. To maintain their potency and freshness, it’s best to store them in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. A sealed container or airtight bag can help prevent exposure to air, which can lead to a loss of efficacy over time. Follow the storage instructions provided on the product label for optimal results.
How does Ginger taste, and can it be mixed with other herbs or foods for palatability?
Ginger has a slightly spicy and pungent taste with a hint of sweetness. While its flavor is distinct, it can complement a variety of herbs and foods. Ginger pairs well with ingredients like garlic, lemon, and honey, making it versatile in both savory and sweet dishes. It can be added to teas, stir-fries, soups, salad dressings, and even baked goods for an extra kick of flavor and potential health benefits.
What other supplements work well together with Ginger?
Ginger, a versatile herb known for its anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits, can be effectively combined with various other supplements and herbs to address different health concerns. Here are some supplements that work well in combination with ginger:
- Turmeric (Curcumin): Ginger and Turmeric both have powerful anti-inflammatory properties. Combining them can enhance their effects, providing joint support and reducing inflammation.
- Probiotics: Ginger can help improve digestion, and when taken with probiotics, it may promote gut health and enhance nutrient absorption.
- Peppermint: Ginger and Peppermint can be a potent duo for soothing digestive discomfort and reducing nausea. They work well together to alleviate stomach issues.
- Garlic: Ginger and Garlic both have immune-boosting properties. Combining them may help support the immune system, particularly during cold and flu seasons.
- Cinnamon: Ginger and Cinnamon can be combined to help manage blood sugar levels. This combination may assist in regulating glucose and improving insulin sensitivity.
- Lemon: Ginger and lemon complement each other for a refreshing and immune-boosting drink. Add honey for extra benefits, particularly in alleviating cold symptoms.
- Ginseng: Ginger and Ginseng may work together to boost energy levels and reduce fatigue. They are commonly used to enhance vitality and overall well-being.
- Milk Thistle: Ginger and Milk Thistle can be combined for liver support. This combination may help detoxify the liver and protect it from damage.
- Cayenne Pepper: Ginger and Cayenne Pepper both have thermogenic properties that can help boost metabolism. This combination may support weight management and increase calorie burning.
Is there any scientific research or clinical evidence supporting Ginger’s effectiveness?
Scientific research and clinical evidence have indeed shed light on Ginger’s effectiveness for various health benefits. Ginger contains bioactive compounds such as gingerol, which possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties have been studied in relation to pain relief, particularly in cases of osteoarthritis and menstrual pain. Additionally, ginger has been investigated for its potential to reduce nausea and vomiting, making it a valuable remedy for morning sickness during pregnancy and chemotherapy-induced nausea. While the evidence is promising, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for specific medical advice.
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Are there any age restrictions for using Ginger (e.g., suitable for the elderly)?
Ginger is generally considered safe for individuals of all age groups, including the elderly. In fact, it may be particularly beneficial for older adults due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help alleviate joint pain and discomfort associated with aging. However, it’s advisable for individuals of any age to consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating ginger supplements into their daily routine, especially if they have underlying medical conditions or are taking medications that could interact with ginger.
Does Ginger require a specific preparation method, such as decoction or infusion?
Ginger can be prepared in various ways, depending on the intended use. Common methods include fresh ginger slices steeped in hot water to make ginger tea, adding grated ginger to dishes during cooking, or even using ginger supplements. Ginger can also be used in powdered form for culinary purposes. The choice of preparation method depends on personal preference and the desired application.
Can Ginger be used topically (externally) in addition to internal consumption?
Yes, ginger can be used topically as well as internally. Topical applications of ginger, such as ginger-infused oils or ginger poultices, are used for their potential pain-relieving properties. Applying ginger oil or ginger paste to sore muscles or joints may help alleviate discomfort. However, it’s essential to perform a patch test to check for skin sensitivity and consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional before using ginger topically, especially if you have sensitive skin or skin conditions.
Are there any known symptoms of overdose or excessive use of Ginger?
While ginger is generally safe when consumed in moderate amounts, excessive use can lead to side effects such as heartburn, digestive discomfort, and diarrhea. These symptoms are typically associated with high doses of ginger supplements or concentrated forms. It’s important to follow recommended dosages and guidelines provided by healthcare professionals or product labels. If you experience any adverse effects, reduce your ginger intake and consult a healthcare provider if the symptoms persist or worsen.
What is Ginger’s mode of action within the body?
Ginger’s mode of action within the body primarily revolves around its active compounds, such as gingerol and zingerone. These compounds possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and digestive properties. Gingerol, in particular, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, which can help reduce inflammation in the body, potentially alleviating conditions like arthritis and muscle pain. Moreover, ginger aids in digestion by stimulating the production of digestive enzymes and soothing gastrointestinal discomfort.
Are there any known synergistic effects when Ginger is combined with specific nutrients?
Yes, there are known synergistic effects when Ginger is combined with specific nutrients. For instance, when combined with turmeric, another potent anti-inflammatory spice, the two work together to enhance their anti-inflammatory properties. This combination is often used to reduce inflammation and joint pain. Ginger also pairs well with lemon, honey, and mint, creating a soothing and immune-boosting drink.
Does Ginger have a distinct aroma or essential oil that may have therapeutic benefits?
Ginger does indeed have a distinct aroma and essential oil with therapeutic benefits. The characteristic aroma of ginger is due to its essential oil, which contains compounds like gingerol and zingiberene. This aroma can have a calming effect and may help relieve nausea or motion sickness when inhaled. Additionally, ginger essential oil is used in aromatherapy to reduce stress and promote relaxation.
Are there any cultural or historical uses of Ginger that should be considered?
Ginger has a rich history of cultural and historical uses. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, to treat various ailments, including digestive issues, colds, and inflammatory conditions. In many cuisines worldwide, ginger is a staple ingredient, appreciated for its flavor and potential health benefits.
Does Ginger have any spiritual or ceremonial significance in certain traditions?
Ginger holds spiritual and ceremonial significance in certain traditions. In Hinduism, it is considered an auspicious herb and is often used in religious rituals and offerings. In some African cultures, ginger is believed to have protective and cleansing properties and is used in rituals to ward off evil spirits. It is also used in various indigenous healing ceremonies to promote well-being and balance. These cultural and spiritual associations highlight the deep-rooted significance of ginger in different societies throughout history.
Are there any variations in Ginger’s potency based on its geographic origin?
Yes, the potency of ginger can vary based on its geographic origin. Ginger contains bioactive compounds like gingerol, which may vary in concentration depending on the soil, climate, and growing conditions. Generally, ginger from regions with favorable climates and rich soil tends to have a higher potency in terms of flavor and medicinal properties.
Does Ginger have a known effect on specific organs or body systems?
Ginger is known to have positive effects on several organs and body systems. It has anti-inflammatory properties that can benefit the digestive system by alleviating nausea and promoting healthy digestion. Ginger also supports cardiovascular health by helping to lower blood pressure and reduce cholesterol levels. Additionally, it can aid in managing pain and inflammation in the joints, making it beneficial for individuals with arthritis.
Are there any known interactions of Ginger with commonly prescribed medications?
Ginger can interact with certain commonly prescribed medications. It may enhance the effects of blood-thinning medications like warfarin, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. It can also interact with drugs used to lower blood pressure, potentially causing blood pressure to drop too low. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before combining ginger with prescription medications to avoid any adverse effects or interactions.
What are the potential benefits and risks of long-term or chronic use of Ginger?
When used in moderation, ginger is generally considered safe for long-term or chronic use. It offers various health benefits, such as reducing inflammation, improving digestion, and providing antioxidants. However, excessive consumption of ginger may lead to side effects like heartburn or gastrointestinal discomfort. It’s advisable to maintain a balanced intake and consult with a healthcare professional, especially if you plan to use ginger as a long-term supplement.
Is it advisable to cycle on and off Ginger to prevent tolerance or dependence?
There is no strict need to cycle on and off ginger to prevent tolerance or dependence. Ginger is not typically associated with dependency issues, unlike some other substances. However, it’s wise to vary your diet and supplement routine for overall health and to prevent potential tolerance to any single herb or remedy. Mixing ginger with other herbs or spices can provide a diverse range of health benefits and reduce the risk of developing tolerance. Always listen to your body and adjust your ginger consumption accordingly.
Are there any precautions regarding driving or operating machinery while using Ginger?
While ginger is generally safe for consumption, it’s important to be aware of its potential effects on some individuals. In some cases, ginger may cause drowsiness or mild dizziness, especially when taken in larger quantities. If you experience these side effects, it’s advisable to avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until you feel completely alert again. Additionally, if you’re using ginger in a concentrated form like ginger supplements or extracts, it’s essential to follow the recommended dosage instructions on the product label to minimize any potential adverse effects.
Are there any dietary restrictions or lifestyle changes recommended while using Ginger?
Ginger is a versatile spice and is generally safe for consumption in moderate amounts as part of a balanced diet. However, if you have specific dietary restrictions or health conditions, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before adding ginger to your routine. Ginger may interact with certain medications or exacerbate certain conditions, so it’s essential to discuss your individual circumstances with a healthcare provider. Additionally, if you’re pregnant or nursing, it’s a good practice to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating ginger into your diet, as high doses may not be recommended during pregnancy.
Does Ginger have any specific recommendations for addressing common side effects?
Ginger is known for its digestive benefits, and it can sometimes be used to address common side effects like nausea or indigestion. To alleviate nausea, ginger can be consumed in various forms, such as ginger tea or ginger candies. For indigestion, ginger tea or ginger capsules may provide relief. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice if you experience persistent or severe side effects.
Are there any known variations or subspecies of Ginger with different properties?
Yes, ginger comprises various species and subspecies, each with slightly different properties and flavors. Zingiber officinale, or common ginger, is the most widely used variety. However, other variations include black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora), which is reputed for its potential aphrodisiac properties, and galangal (Alpinia galanga), often used in Thai cuisine. These different types of ginger may have varying tastes and potential health benefits, so it can be exciting to explore them in culinary and medicinal applications.
Does Ginger have any documented cases of misuse or abuse?
Ginger is generally safe when used appropriately and in moderation. However, like many natural substances, excessive consumption of ginger or its supplements can lead to adverse effects, including digestive issues or an increased risk of bleeding in some individuals. There are very few documented cases of misuse or abuse of ginger, but it’s always recommended to use it responsibly and follow recommended dosage guidelines. If you suspect any adverse reactions or are concerned about potential misuse, seek advice from a healthcare professional.
Is Ginger regulated or approved for medicinal use in the United States?
Yes, ginger is not regulated as a drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, it is considered safe for use as a dietary supplement or spice. The FDA classifies ginger as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS), meaning it is widely accepted as safe when used in appropriate amounts. While it’s not approved as a medication, ginger has a long history of traditional use for various health benefits, and there is ongoing research into its potential medicinal properties.
Are there any known interactions of Ginger when combined with other medicinal herbs?
Yes, ginger can interact with other medicinal herbs or medications. It may enhance the effects of blood-thinning drugs like warfarin, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. Ginger may also interact with drugs that lower blood pressure or blood sugar levels. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before combining ginger with other herbs or medications, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are on specific drug regimens. They can provide guidance on safe dosages and potential interactions.
How does Ginger’s preparation or dosage change for acute versus chronic conditions?
The preparation and dosage of ginger can vary depending on whether it’s used for acute or chronic conditions. For acute conditions like nausea or motion sickness, ginger is often taken as a 250 mg to 500 mg capsule, or as a 1-gram piece of fresh ginger root, sliced and steeped in hot water for tea.
For chronic conditions like osteoarthritis or digestive issues, a typical dosage is 2 to 4 grams of dried ginger daily, usually divided into several doses. This can be consumed as capsules, extracts, or freshly grated ginger added to food or beverages. It’s essential to follow dosing instructions on product labels or consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations based on your specific health needs.
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Are there any known withdrawal symptoms when discontinuing the use of Ginger?
There are no documented withdrawal symptoms associated with discontinuing ginger use. Ginger is generally considered safe for short-term and long-term use. If you’ve been using ginger regularly and choose to stop, there should be no physical dependence or withdrawal effects. However, it’s always a good practice to consult with a healthcare provider when making significant changes to your dietary or supplement regimen to ensure it aligns with your overall health goals.
What are the best supplement brands of Ginger?
When it comes to supplement brands for ginger, there are several reputable options available in the market. Some well-regarded supplement brands that offer ginger products include Nature’s Way, NOW Foods, Gaia Herbs, and Solaray. It’s essential to choose a brand that meets your specific needs, such as the form of ginger (capsules, extracts, etc.) and any additional quality certifications, like organic or non-GMO, that align with your preferences. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications.
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28336112/ - Lindblad AJ, et al. (2016). Ginger for Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4755634/ - Rad HA, et al. (2018). Effect of Ginger and Novafen on menstrual pain: A cross-over trial.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1028455918302304 - Maharlouei N, et al. (2019). The effects of ginger intake on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [Abstract].
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29393665/ - Prasad S, et al. (2015). Ginger and Its Constituents: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369959/ - Mortensen MB, et al. (2020). Elevated LDL cholesterol and increased risk of myocardial infarction and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in individuals aged 70-100 years: a contemporary primary prevention cohort.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33186534/
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