Welcome to an insightful exploration of Thyme — an herb that transcends the culinary realm into a treasure trove of health benefits and cultural significance. In this comprehensive guide, we answer 50 common questions about thyme, ranging from its culinary uses and medicinal properties to historical significance and cultivation methods. Join us on a journey through the aromatic world of thyme, unlocking its secrets and uncovering the myriad ways this herb enriches our lives.
Thyme: 50 Questions & Answers
What is Thyme?
Thyme is an aromatic herb that belongs to the mint family, known for its small leaves and strong, pleasant fragrance. It’s widely used in culinary pursuits due to its flavor-enhancing properties and is a staple in Mediterranean cuisine, often used to season meats, soups, and stews.
What is the scientific name of Thyme?
The scientific name for Thyme is Thymus vulgaris. It’s a perennial herb native to the Mediterranean region and certain parts of southern Europe.
Does Thyme have other common names?
Yes, Thyme goes by various names in different regions and languages. Some of its common names include garden thyme, common thyme, French thyme, or simply “Thymus” in some contexts.
What is Thyme’s traditional and modern medicinal use?
Thyme has a rich history in traditional medicine, renowned for its antiseptic and medicinal properties. Historically, it’s been used to treat respiratory issues like coughs, bronchitis, and sore throats due to its expectorant qualities. Its essential oil contains compounds like thymol, known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, often used in natural remedies for skin issues.
In modern times, Thyme continues to be explored for its potential health benefits. Studies suggest its antimicrobial properties might aid in fighting certain bacterial and fungal infections. Additionally, it’s being investigated for its antioxidant properties and potential role in supporting overall health, although more research is needed to confirm these effects conclusively. Thyme also finds use in aromatherapy and as a natural preservative due to its antimicrobial characteristics.
What nutrients (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, etc.) does Thyme contain?
Thyme is a nutrient powerhouse, boasting vitamins like vitamin C, a crucial antioxidant supporting the immune system, and vitamin A, pivotal for vision and skin health. It also houses minerals like iron, crucial for oxygen transport, and manganese, aiding metabolism and bone health. Moreover, it’s rich in antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which possess potent anti-inflammatory properties.
Find the Best Thyme Products
Thousands of customer reviews are available to help you make the right choice. Embrace the power of nature!
Are there any potential side effects associated with Thyme?
Though generally safe, excessive thyme consumption might trigger allergic reactions in some individuals, resulting in skin irritation or digestive distress. Thyme contains compounds that could potentially interfere with blood clotting; therefore, those on blood-thinning medications should consult a healthcare professional before consuming it regularly.
What is the recommended dosage for Thyme?
There isn’t a universal dosage for thyme due to its varied applications – culinary, medicinal, or supplemental. However, typical recommendations suggest using it in culinary dishes without exceeding regular culinary amounts. When used medicinally or as a supplement, consulting a healthcare provider for appropriate dosage guidance is wise.
Is Thyme safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women?
In culinary amounts, thyme is considered safe during pregnancy and lactation. However, excessive intake or medicinal doses might pose risks. Pregnant women should approach thyme supplements cautiously due to the lack of comprehensive research on their safety during pregnancy. Consulting a healthcare provider before incorporating it into the diet is advisable.
Can children safely consume Thyme?
In moderate culinary quantities, thyme is generally safe for children. However, introducing it in large amounts or as a supplement might not be recommended, especially for young children or infants, as their systems might not tolerate certain concentrations or potential allergens in thyme. As with any new addition to a child’s diet, moderation and observation for any adverse reactions are key. Consulting a pediatrician is prudent, especially for younger kids.
How should Thyme be prepared or consumed (e.g., tea, tincture, capsules, tablets)?
Thyme is a versatile herb that can be prepared and consumed in various ways, depending on the intended use. It’s commonly used in cooking, where fresh or dried thyme leaves are added to dishes for flavor. For medicinal purposes, thyme can be brewed as tea, used in tinctures, or encapsulated into tablets or capsules. Thyme tea, in particular, is popular for its potential health benefits, such as its antimicrobial properties and support for respiratory health.
Are there any contraindications or health conditions that Thyme may worsen?
While generally considered safe, there are some contraindications and health conditions where thyme might exacerbate symptoms. Individuals with hypersensitivity to plants in the Lamiaceae family (which includes mint, basil, and oregano) might experience allergic reactions to thyme. Additionally, excessive use of thyme oil or extracts internally could irritate the gastrointestinal tract, so individuals with gastric ulcers or acid reflux should consume it cautiously.
Where is Thyme usually sourced or cultivated?
Thyme is native to the Mediterranean region but is cultivated worldwide. It thrives in well-drained soil and sunny locations, making it a common herb in home gardens and commercially grown in regions with suitable climates. Countries like Spain, France, and the United States are known for their thyme cultivation.
Is Thyme legal to possess and use in the United States?
In the United States, thyme is legal to possess and use for culinary and medicinal purposes. It’s readily available in grocery stores as a culinary herb and in health stores or online markets for herbal remedies.
Are there any known allergens in Thyme?
Allergens in thyme are typically associated with cross-reactivity in individuals allergic to plants within the same family. Allergic reactions to thyme are rare but can occur in individuals sensitive to similar herbs like mint or sage. People with known allergies to these plants should exercise caution when using or consuming thyme.
May Thyme supplements contain contaminants like pesticides or heavy metals?
Thyme supplements, like other herbal products, can potentially contain contaminants such as pesticides or heavy metals if not sourced from reputable manufacturers. Regulatory bodies impose guidelines to ensure product safety, but it’s essential to choose supplements from trusted brands that undergo rigorous testing for purity.
Are there any known long-term effects of using Thyme?
As for the long-term effects of using Thyme, extensive research into its extended usage is limited. Generally considered safe when consumed in culinary amounts, long-term supplementation might present certain risks or interactions in higher doses, particularly impacting individuals with specific health conditions or those taking medications. More comprehensive studies are necessary to determine its prolonged effects conclusively.
Do Thyme supplements have a specific shelf life or expiration date?
Thyme supplements typically come with expiration dates. The shelf life can vary depending on factors like storage conditions and formulation. Properly stored supplements are generally safe for consumption until the expiration date, but efficacy might diminish after that period. It’s advisable to check the label for specific expiration details and follow recommended storage instructions.
What is the best time of day to take Thyme?
The best time to take Thyme supplements isn’t firmly established. It often depends on individual preferences and reasons for supplementation. Some suggest taking them with meals to aid absorption, while others propose taking them separately. Experimentation or consulting a healthcare professional can help determine the ideal time based on personal response and desired effects.
Should Thyme pills be taken with food or on an empty stomach?
Regarding whether Thyme pills should be taken with food or on an empty stomach, it’s often recommended to take supplements with food to enhance absorption and mitigate potential gastrointestinal discomfort. However, there might be variations in individual tolerance. Trying different methods and observing personal reactions can guide in determining the most suitable approach for an individual’s digestive system. Consulting a healthcare provider is advisable for personalized recommendations.
Are there any dietary restrictions or guidelines while using Thyme?
Thyme is generally safe for consumption in culinary amounts and as a supplement. However, individuals allergic to plants in the mint family might experience allergic reactions. Also, high doses of thyme oil might cause digestive issues or skin irritation. Moderation is key, especially for pregnant or nursing women and those with existing medical conditions. Incorporating thyme into meals rather than consuming it in concentrated forms is advisable.
What is the recommended duration of use for Thyme?
The recommended duration of thyme usage depends on the form and purpose. As a culinary herb, it can be consumed regularly in cooking without set limitations. As a supplement, short-term use, typically up to several weeks, is common. Extended usage should involve consultation with a healthcare professional to avoid potential adverse effects.
Is it advisable to consult a healthcare professional before using Thyme?
Consultation with a healthcare professional is advisable, especially if considering thyme in concentrated forms like supplements or extracts. Individuals with specific health conditions, allergies, or those taking medications should seek advice. This precaution helps prevent potential interactions or adverse effects.
Are there any special precautions for storing Thyme supplements?
Storing thyme supplements requires attention to maintain potency and prevent spoilage. It’s best kept in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to preserve its medicinal properties. Ensure proper sealing of containers to prevent moisture and air exposure. Following the manufacturer’s instructions regarding storage is recommended for maintaining quality.
How does Thyme taste, and can it be mixed with other herbs or foods for palatability?
Thyme offers a robust, earthy flavor with subtle minty and lemony undertones. Its versatility makes it an excellent complement to various dishes, especially in Mediterranean cuisines. It pairs well with rosemary, sage, and oregano. Mixing it with other herbs or incorporating it into sauces, marinades, or soups enhances flavors and adds depth to the dish without overpowering other ingredients.
What other supplements work well together with Thyme?
Thyme pairs well with several supplements, enhancing various health benefits:
- Echinacea: Combining Thyme with Echinacea can support the immune system, providing a potent defense against seasonal ailments.
- Oregano Oil: Thyme and Oregano Oil share similar antimicrobial properties, making them a powerful combination against certain infections and supporting overall immune health.
- Garlic: Both Thyme and Garlic possess antimicrobial and immune-boosting properties. Together, they can further support the body’s defenses against infections.
- Vitamin C: Supplementing Thyme with Vitamin C can create a robust immune-boosting effect. Vitamin C enhances immune function and supports Thyme’s antioxidant properties.
- Turmeric (Curcumin): Combining Thyme with Turmeric‘s active compound, curcumin, can offer potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, supporting overall health.
- Honey: While not a supplement per se, pairing Thyme with honey can soothe sore throats and coughs. The combination’s antimicrobial properties may aid in respiratory health.
- Probiotics: Thyme, along with probiotics, can support digestive health. Thyme’s antimicrobial properties may complement probiotics’ role in maintaining a healthy gut flora.
Is there any scientific research or clinical evidence supporting Thyme’s effectiveness?
Scientific research highlights Thyme’s potential effectiveness in various health aspects. Its active compounds, like thymol and carvacrol, exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Studies suggest Thyme may aid respiratory issues due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial attributes. However, further extensive human clinical trials are necessary to validate its efficacy conclusively.
Find the Best Thyme Products
Thousands of customer reviews are available to help you make the right choice. Embrace the power of nature!
Are there any age restrictions for using Thyme (e.g., suitable for the elderly)?
Thyme is generally safe for all age groups, including the elderly when used in culinary amounts. However, individuals on medications or with existing health conditions should consult healthcare providers before using it extensively in medicinal forms like supplements or extracts.
Does Thyme require a specific preparation method, such as decoction or infusion?
Thyme offers versatility in preparation. Both decoction and infusion methods are suitable. Decoction involves boiling the herb, while infusion entails steeping it in hot water. Each method extracts different compounds, but both effectively capture Thyme’s beneficial properties.
Can Thyme be used topically (externally) in addition to internal consumption?
Yes, Thyme’s external use is feasible and often recommended. Its essential oil, when properly diluted, can be applied topically for conditions like acne or as an antiseptic for minor cuts. However, it’s crucial to perform a patch test and dilute properly to avoid skin irritation.
Are there any known symptoms of overdose or excessive use of Thyme?
While Thyme is generally safe, excessive consumption or high doses of Thyme oil may lead to adverse effects. Overuse might cause nausea, dizziness, or allergic reactions in some individuals. It’s pivotal to adhere to recommended doses and seek medical attention if experiencing any adverse symptoms after excessive Thyme usage.
What is Thyme’s mode of action within the body?
Thyme’s mode of action within the body involves its active compounds, primarily thymol, carvacrol, and flavonoids. These components possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Thymol and carvacrol specifically exhibit antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, aiding in combating infections and supporting immune function. Moreover, thyme’s flavonoids contribute to its antioxidant potential, scavenging free radicals and potentially reducing oxidative stress.
Are there any known synergistic effects when Thyme is combined with specific nutrients?
When combined with specific nutrients like vitamin C or zinc, thyme may exhibit synergistic effects. For instance, pairing thyme, rich in antioxidants, with vitamin C can potentially enhance the body’s immune response. Zinc, known for its role in immune function, might complement thyme’s antimicrobial properties, creating a more robust defense against infections.
Does Thyme have a distinct aroma or essential oil that may have therapeutic benefits?
Thyme indeed possesses a distinct aroma primarily due to its essential oils, particularly thymol. This aroma isn’t merely pleasant but also holds therapeutic benefits. Inhalation of thyme essential oil may alleviate respiratory issues, such as coughs or congestion. Its scent is also associated with stress relief and mental clarity in aromatherapy.
Are there any cultural or historical uses of Thyme that should be considered?
Culturally and historically, thyme has a rich tapestry of uses. Ancient Egyptians used it in embalming practices, highlighting its preservation properties. Greeks considered thyme a symbol of courage and strength, often incorporating it into rituals and baths to instill bravery. Medieval Europeans associated it with various beliefs, from warding off nightmares to enhancing bravery in battle.
Does Thyme have any spiritual or ceremonial significance in certain traditions?
Thyme holds spiritual and ceremonial significance in several traditions. In ancient Greece, it was linked to purification and was burnt as incense in temples. Similarly, in European folklore, thyme was used to ward off evil spirits and was believed to bring courage and strength. Its inclusion in rituals and ceremonies symbolized cleansing and protection in various cultures.
Are there any variations in Thyme’s potency based on its geographic origin?
Yes, there can be variations in Thyme’s potency due to geographic origin. Factors like climate, soil conditions, and altitude influence the concentration of active compounds like thymol. Thyme from regions with specific environmental conditions might possess higher levels of certain beneficial compounds, impacting its overall potency.
Does Thyme have a known effect on specific organs or body systems?
Thyme exhibits diverse effects on the body. Its active compounds, like thymol and carvacrol, possess antimicrobial properties beneficial for the respiratory system, aiding in respiratory health. Additionally, its antioxidant properties may support heart health and overall immunity. Thyme has also shown the potential to support digestive health and ease symptoms of bloating or discomfort.
Are there any known interactions of Thyme with commonly prescribed medications?
Thyme might interact with certain medications. Its potential to increase the effects of blood thinners could pose risks for individuals on anticoagulants. Similarly, its impact on liver enzymes might affect drugs metabolized in the liver. Consulting a healthcare professional before using Thyme concurrently with prescribed medications is advisable.
What are the potential benefits and risks of long-term or chronic use of Thyme?
Long-term use of Thyme may offer benefits like improved immunity, digestive health, and antioxidant support. However, excessive or prolonged use might lead to potential risks such as allergic reactions, gastrointestinal irritation, or interference with certain medications due to its bioactive compounds.
Is it advisable to cycle on and off Thyme to prevent tolerance or dependence?
Cycling on and off Thyme usage may prevent potential tolerance or dependence. However, there’s limited evidence suggesting tolerance to Thyme’s effects. Moderation and occasional breaks might help maintain its effectiveness over time while minimizing the risk of any potential adverse effects. Consulting a healthcare professional for personalized advice is recommended.
Are there any precautions regarding driving or operating machinery while using Thyme?
Thyme, commonly used in culinary and medicinal practices, generally doesn’t pose significant risks regarding driving or operating machinery when used in normal culinary quantities. However, consuming excessive amounts or concentrated forms of thyme, such as in essential oil form, might induce dizziness or drowsiness in some individuals. It’s advised to exercise caution if consuming thyme in higher concentrations or if you’re sensitive to its compounds. It’s advisable to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery immediately after consuming large quantities or highly concentrated thyme products to prevent potential impairment.
Are there any dietary restrictions or lifestyle changes recommended while using Thyme?
Thyme, as an herb, is widely used in cooking and herbal remedies and is considered safe in culinary quantities. There aren’t stringent dietary restrictions associated with thyme consumption. However, individuals with known allergies to plants in the Lamiaceae family, like mint or basil, might experience allergic reactions to thyme. In such cases, it’s advisable to avoid thyme or consult a healthcare professional before use. Embracing a balanced diet while incorporating thyme moderately can complement a healthy lifestyle.
Does Thyme have any specific recommendations for addressing common side effects?
Thyme, when used in culinary amounts, rarely causes adverse effects. However, in concentrated forms or high doses, it might lead to digestive issues like upset stomach or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. If experiencing discomfort after thyme consumption, reducing the intake or diluting concentrated forms can alleviate these effects. Additionally, seeking advice from a healthcare professional can provide specific guidance tailored to individual needs.
Are there any known variations or subspecies of Thyme with different properties?
Thyme encompasses various species and subspecies, each possessing distinct characteristics in terms of flavor profile and medicinal properties. Varieties like Thymus vulgaris (common thyme), Thymus citriodorus (lemon thyme), and Thymus serpyllum (wild thyme) offer diverse flavors and potential health benefits. These variations may differ in essential oil content, taste, and chemical composition, leading to variations in their uses and properties.
Does Thyme have any documented cases of misuse or abuse?
Thyme, as a culinary herb and natural remedy, doesn’t typically lead to misuse or abuse. However, its essential oil form, due to its highly concentrated nature, may cause adverse effects when ingested in excessive amounts. Misuse might manifest as skin irritation, allergic reactions, or gastrointestinal discomfort. Such cases often stem from inappropriate ingestion or overuse of the essential oil, emphasizing the importance of using thyme products judiciously and as directed.
Is Thyme regulated or approved for medicinal use in the United States?
Thyme itself isn’t directly regulated by the FDA for medicinal use in the United States. However, its active compound, thymol, is an FDA-approved ingredient in certain over-the-counter medications for its antiseptic properties. Still, using thyme as an herbal remedy isn’t strictly regulated, and its use for medicinal purposes falls under the category of dietary supplements.
Are there any known interactions of Thyme when combined with other medicinal herbs?
Thyme generally interacts well with other herbs and medications; however, caution is advised when combining it with herbs or drugs that have similar effects. For instance, herbs with sedative properties might amplify the sedative effects of thyme.
How does Thyme’s preparation or dosage change for acute versus chronic conditions?
The preparation and dosage of thyme can vary based on whether it’s used for acute or chronic conditions. For acute issues like respiratory infections, making thyme tea or using its essential oil in steam inhalation can offer quick relief. In chronic conditions, like digestive disorders, using thyme as a spice in cooking or consuming standardized thyme supplements might be recommended for prolonged benefits.
Find the Best Thyme Products
Thousands of customer reviews are available to help you make the right choice. Embrace the power of nature!
Are there any known withdrawal symptoms when discontinuing the use of Thyme?
As a culinary herb, discontinuing thyme use wouldn’t typically result in withdrawal symptoms. However, in rare cases where individuals consume high doses for extended periods, abruptly stopping might cause minor digestive discomfort or allergic reactions. It’s advisable to gradually reduce usage to minimize any potential adverse effects.
What are the best supplement brands of Thyme?
Several reputable supplement brands offer thyme-based products. Some renowned brands include Nature’s Way, Gaia Herbs, and Herb Pharm, known for their quality control standards, organic sourcing, and reliable products. However, it’s crucial to check for certifications and quality assurance before choosing a supplement brand.
Article References & Sources
At AncientHerbsWisdom, our content relies on reputable sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to substantiate the information presented in our articles. Our primary objective is to ensure that our content is thoroughly fact-checked, maintaining a commitment to accuracy, reliability, and trustworthiness.
- Halat, D. H., Krayem, M., Khaled, S., & Younes, S. (2022). A Focused Insight into Thyme: Biological, Chemical, and Therapeutic Properties of an Indigenous Mediterranean Herb. Nutrients, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102104
- Patil SM, Ramu R, Shirahatti PS, Shivamallu C, Amachawadi RG. A systematic review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Thymus vulgaris Linn. Heliyon. 2021;7(5):e07054. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07054
- Al-Khalaf MF. Thyme and thymol effects on induced bronchial asthma in mice. Life Sci J. 2013;10(2):693-9.
- Hammoudi Halat D, Krayem M, Khaled S, Younes S. A focused insight into thyme: biological, chemical, and therapeutic properties of an indigenous mediterranean herb. Nutrients. 2022;14(10):2104. doi:10.3390/nu14102104
- Bhandari SS, Kabra MP. To evaluate anti-anxiety activity of thymol. J Acute Dis. 2014;3(2):136-40. doi:10.1016/S2221-6189(14)60030-5
- Plants For A Future. Thymus vulgaris – L.
- Coccimiglio J, Alipour M, Jiang ZH, Gottardo C, Suntres Z. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic Origanum vulgare extract and its major constituents. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1404505. doi:10.1155/2016/1404505
- De Castro RD, De Souza TMPA, Bezerra LMD, et al. Antifungal activity and mode of action of thymol and its synergism with nystatin against Candida species involved with infections in the oral cavity: an in vitro study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:417. doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0947-2
- Nagoor Meeran MF, Javed H, Al Taee H, Azimullah S, Ojha SK. Pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms of thymol: prospects for its therapeutic potential and pharmaceutical development. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:380. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00380
- Direkvand-Moghadam A, Khosravi A. The impact of a novel herbal Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris on primary dysmenorrhea in comparison to the classical chemical Ibuprofen. J Res Med Sci. 2012 Jul;17(7):668-70.
- Abdelhamed FM, Abdeltawab NF, ElRakaiby MT, Shamma RN, Moneib NA. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Thymus vulgaris essential oil nanoemulsion on acne vulgaris. Microorganisms. 2022;10(9):1874. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10091874
- Gavliakov S, Biringerova Z, Hanuskova E, et al. Urge to cough is significantly abolished by nasal thymol application. Eur Respir J. 2014;42:P1594.
- Gavliakova S, Biringerova Z, Buday T, et al. Antitussive effects of nasal thymol challenges in healthy volunteers. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013;187(1):104-107. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2013.02.011
- Kwon HI, Jeong NH, Jun SH, et al. Thymol attenuates the worsening of atopic dermatitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Jun;59:301-9. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.027
- Sateriale D, Forgione G, De Cristofaro GA, et al. Towards green strategies of food security: antibacterial synergy of essential oils from thymus vulgaris and syzygium aromaticum to inhibit escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus pathogenic food isolates. Microorganisms. 2022;10(12):2446. doi:10.3390/microorganisms10122446
- Yin D, Du E, Yuan J, et al. Supplemental thymol and carvacrol increases ileum Lactobacillus population and reduces effect of necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringes in chickens. Sci Rep. 2017;7:7334. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07420-4
- Boukhatem MN, Darwish NHE, Sudha T, et al. In vitro antifungal and topical anti-inflammatory properties of essential oil from wild-growing thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) used for medicinal purposes in algeria: a new source of carvacrol. Sci Pharm. 2020;88(3):33. doi:10.3390/scipharm88030033
- Leeds Beckett University. (2013, November 18). Thyme for a more natural cure to acne [Press release]
http://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/news/thyme-for-a-more-natural-cure-to-acne/ - Pandur E, Micalizzi G, Mondello L, Horváth A, Sipos K, Horváth G. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oils prepared at different plant phenophases on Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS-activated THP-1 macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(7):1330. doi:10.3390/antiox11071330
- Palaniappan, K., & Holley, R.A. (2010, June). Use of natural antimicrobials to increase antibiotic sucseptibility of drug resistant bacteria [Abstract]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 140(2–3), 164-168
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160510001868 - Salmalian H, Saghebi R, Moghadamnia AA, et al. Comparative effect of thymus vulgaris and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrhea: a triple-blind clinical study. Caspian J Intern Med. 2014;5(2):82-88.
- Bozkurt, E., Atmaca, H., Kisim, A., Uzunoglu, S., Uslu, R., & Karaca, B. (2012). Effects of thymus serpyllum extract on cell proliferation, apoptosis and epigenetic events in human breast cancer cells [Abstract]. Nutrition and Cancer, 64(8), 1245-1250
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01635581.2012.719658#.Ul_MYWTk-z5 - Galovičová L, Borotová P, Valková V, et al. Thymus vulgaris essential oil and its biological activity. Plants (Basel). 2021;10(9):1959. doi:10.3390/plants10091959
- Dunn, B. (2013, May 10). A brief history of thyme
http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/a-brief-history-of-thyme - Nieto G. A review on applications and uses of thymus in the food industry. Plants (Basel). 2020;9(8):961. doi:10.3390/plants9080961.
- Gordo, J., Máximo, P., Cabrita, E., Lourenço, A., Oliva, A., Almeida, J., … Cruz H. (2012, November). Thymus mastichina: chemical constituents and their anti-cancer activity [abstract]. Natural Products Communications. 7(11), 1491-1494
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23285814 - Vlachojannis C, Chrubasik-Hausmann S, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A. A preliminary investigation on the antimicrobial activity of Listerine®, its components, and of mixtures thereof. Phytother Res. 2015;29(10):1590-1594. doi:10.1002/ptr.5399
- Mihailovic-Stanojevic, N., Belščak-Cvitanović, A., Grujić-Milanović, J., Ivanov, M., & Jovović Dj., Bugarski, D., & Miloradović, Z. (2013, July 5). Antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of extract from Thymus serpyllum L. in experimental hypertension [abstract]
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11130-013-0368-7 - Silveira D, Prieto-Garcia JM, Boylan F, et al. COVID-19: is there evidence for the use of herbal medicines as adjuvant symptomatic therapy? Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:581840. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.581840
- Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. (2016, April 21)
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=182.20 - Dunn, B. (2013, May 10). A brief history of thyme
http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/a-brief-history-of-thyme - MedlinePlus. Allergic reactions.
- Grieve, M. (1931). A Modern Herbal
http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/t/thygar16.htm - Rojas-Armas J, Arroyo-Acevedo J, Ortiz-Sánchez M, et al. Acute and repeated 28-day oral dose toxicity studies of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil in rats. Toxicol Res. 2019;35(3):225-232. doi:10.5487/TR.2019.35.3.225
- Shimelis, N.D., Asticcioli, S., Baraldo, M., Tirillini, B., Lulekal, E., & Murgia, V. (2012, June 20). Researching accessible and affordable treatment for common dermatological problems in developing countries. An Ethiopian experience [Abstract]. International Journal of Dermatology, 51, 790-795
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05235.x/abstract - Tullio, V., Mandras, N., Allizond, V., Nostro, A., Roana, J., Merlino, C. …Cuffini, A.M. (2012). Positive interaction of thyme (red) essential oil with human polymorphonuclear granulocytes in eradicating intracellular [Abstract]. Candida albicans. Planta Medica, 78(15), 1633-1635
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22872591 - Ge B, Zhang Z, Zuo Z. Updates on the clinical evidenced herb-warfarin interactions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:957362. doi:10.1155/2014/957362.
- Zaborowska, Z., Przygoński, K., & Bilska, A. (2012). Antioxidative effect of thyme Thymus vulgaris in sunflower oil. Technologia Alimentaria, 11(3), 283-291
http://www.food.actapol.net/volume11/issue3/abstract-8.html - Gupta M, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Chauhan PS. Zinc therapy in dermatology: a review. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014;2014:709152. doi:10.1155/2014/709152
- Park, Y-U., Koo, H-N., Kim, G-H. (2012). Chemical composition, larvicidal action, and adult repellency of Thymus magnus against Aedes albopictus [Abstract]. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2987/12-6250R.1 - Fink C, Schmidt M, Kraft K. Marshmallow root extract for the treatment of irritative cough: two surveys on users’ view on effectiveness and tolerability. Complement Med Res. 2018;25(5):299-305. doi:10.1159/000489560
- Sienkiewicz, M., Lysakowska, M., Ciecwierz, J., Denys, P., & Kowalczyk, E. (2011, November). Antibacterial activity of thyme and lavender essential oils. Medicinal Chemistry, 7(6), 674-689
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/article?option1=tka&value1=Antibacterial+activity+of+thyme+and+lavender+essential+oils&pageSize=10&index=1 - Bhatwalkar SB, Mondal R, Krishna SBN, Adam JK, Govender P, Anupam R. Antibacterial properties of organosulfur compounds of garlic(Allium sativum). Front Microbiol. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.613077
- Silva, N., Alves, S., Goncalves, A., Amaral, J.S., & Poeta, P. (2013, November 11). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mediterranean aromatic plants against several foodborne and spoilage bacteria [Abstract]. Food Science and Technology International, 19(6)
http://fst.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/02/25/1082013212442198.abstract - Mihailovic-Stanojevic, N., Belščak-Cvitanović, A., Grujić-Milanović, J., Ivanov, M., & Jovović Dj., Bugarski, D., & Miloradović, Z. (2013, July 5). Antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of extract from Thymus serpyllum L. in experimental hypertension [abstract]
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11130-013-0368-7